Kev luam ntawv thiab zas xim pab
Taw qhia
Hauv kev lag luam textile, hauv ntau txheej txheem txheej txheem los ntawm kev sib tw, tig, xaws, luam ntawv thiab zas xim rau cov khoom tiav, cov khoom siv tshuaj sib txawv yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev ua tau zoo ntawm ntau cov fibers txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom lag luam zoo, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, nce kev ua haujlwm tau zoo , thiab ua kom yooj yim Txheej Txheem, txo tus nqi tsim khoom thiab muab textiles ntau yam khoom siv tau zoo. Cov tshuaj pabcuam no feem ntau hu ua textile dyeing thiab ua tiav cov pabcuam.
Kev zas xim thiab ua kom tiav cov pab cuam feem ntau tau muab faib ua peb pawg: luam ntawv thiab zas xim ua ntej tus neeg sawv cev kho mob, luam ntawv thiab zas xim pab, thiab ua kom tiav cov neeg sawv cev raws li cov kauj ruam thiab siv cov zas thiab ua kom tiav.
03
Tus neeg saib xyuas ua ntej rau kev luam ntawv thiab zas xim
Cov txheej txheem kho mob ua ntej ntawm kev luam ntawv thiab zas xim suav nrog kev hu nkauj fiber ntau, tsim nyog, nplawm, tshuaj dawb, sib koom ua ke thiab lwm yam txheej txheem ua haujlwm. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog ntxiv cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv, emulsifiers, cov tshuaj ntxuav thiab lwm yam surfactants, xws li cov organic sulfates, sulfonates thiab polyoxyethylene. Feem ntau ether
Penetrants, cov neeg ua ntub dej, cov neeg nkag mus feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam textile suav nrog ricinoleic acid butyl sulfate, butyl naphthalene sulfonic acid sodium ntsev thiab ntxiv rau. Hauv cov tshuaj nruab nrab, dioctyl sodium succinate sulfonate muaj qhov tshwj xeeb muaj peev xwm nkag mus tau; hauv cov kua qaub, ntxiv rau ntau yam saum toj no, cov dej cawv muaj cawv polyoxyethylene ether lossis alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether feem ntau siv; thiab muaj zog alkaline Hauv kev daws teeb meem, piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem mercerizing xav kom siv cov pa roj carbon luv luv xws li octanol sulfate.
Cov emulsifiers feem ntau yog siv roj txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom ua kom zoo ntawm cov lo lo ntxhuav thiab cov xov paj hauv cov txheej txheem. Txawm li cas los xij, cov roj yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej luam ntawv thiab zas xim, kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau kev zas xim. Yog li, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov emulsifier hauv cov roj no, lossis ntxiv cov emulsifier hauv chav da dej tu kom ntseeg tau tias tshem tawm cov roj me me, feem ntau tsis siv ionic surfactants.
Cov tshuaj ntxuav tu, uas yog xab npum thiab xab npum, tshem cov roj tsw qab ntawm cov ntaub. Yav dhau los, xab npum yog lub hauv paus, tab sis tam sim no muaj ntau yam tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab cov uas tsis yog ionic surfactants tau siv, suav nrog me ntsis kim dua oleic acid amide derivatives. . Ib qho ntxiv, muaj cov enzymes siv los txhawb cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hydrolysis thaum tsim nyog; activators thiab anti-corrosion cov neeg ua haujlwm ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm tshuaj dawb ua kom cov txheej txheem tshuaj dawb thiab ua kom cov xim dawb tsis ua rau cov khoom puas. Tam sim no, nws tau tsim los ua kom tiav qhov xav tau, nplawm thiab tshuaj dawb hauv ib da dej, thiab kev siv tshuaj sib xyaw tshiab muaj zog tau siv.
02
Kev luam ntawv thiab zas xim pab
Muaj ntau hom tshuaj pleev xim, thiab txheej txheem zas xim sib txawv, thiab xav tau kev pab txhawb nqa sib xws. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau hom kev pabcuam, feem ntau yog raws li hauv qab no:
2.1 Cov dej muag: cov hlau ion chelating tus neeg sawv cev
Hnyav hlau ions hauv dej feem ntau cuam tshuam rau xim lossis ua kom cov xim zas xim. Peb tuaj yeem siv cov dej muag los kho lawv. Feem ntau siv cov dej muag suav nrog sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium nitrilotriacetate thiab sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate.
2.2 Cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov kuab tshuaj
Thaum siv lossis npaj cov kua ua kua rau qee yam xim, yuav tsum tau ntim cov tshuaj hnyav kom pab yaj lawv, xws li ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycol ethers, formamide, thiodiethanol, thiab lwm yam. thaum zas nrog phthalocyanine xiav, siv cov tshuaj hnyav thiab tooj liab ntsev, thiab siv cov tshuaj pabcuam hnyav sodium benzylaminobenzene sulfonate rau cov xim zas.
2.3 Txo tus neeg sawv cev thiab tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing
Thaum siv vat dyes, koj yuav tsum xub siv tus neeg txo qis kom yaj cov vat dyes. Feem ntau siv yog sodium hydrosulfite (sodium dithionite), dai dawb thaiv (sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate), thiab thiourea dioxide. Thaum vat dyes tau siv los tiv thaiv zas xim, tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj oxidizing me me sodium m-nitrobenzene sulfonate. Cov khoom no kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev luam ntawv pastes los tiv thaiv cov xim los ntawm kev txo qis cov khoom hauv cov pastes.
2.4 Kho tus neeg sawv cev thiab pab txhim kho xim
Thaum zas plaub hau nrog cov xim ncaj qha, kua qaub dyes thiab tshuaj pleev xim, cov tshuaj kho tau siv ua ntej thiab tom qab zas xim kom nce xim thiab nrawm. Kho tus neeg sawv cev feem ntau siv amine ntsev thiab polymer quaternary ammonium ntsev. Cov zas xim rau luam ntawv qee zaum siv cov xim txhim kho xim, xws li diethylethanolamine thaum ua luam dej thiab txhim kho xim ntawm fastamine.
2.5 Dispersant, tseem hu ua diffuser
Thaum luam ntawv thiab zas xim nrog cov xim sib xyaw thiab cov vat dyes, cov dispersants thiab tiv thaiv colloids yuav tsum tau ntxiv kom ntseeg tau cov xim tsis sib xws thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob khawb. Feem ntau siv cov dispersants yog sulfonated roj (Taikoo roj, Turkish roj), sodium alkyl lossis cov saw ntev amidobenzene sulfonate, alkyl polyoxyethylene ether, sodium lignin sulfonate, naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, oleoyl Polyamino carboxylates thiab zoo li.
2.6 Tus neeg saib xyuas qib, uas yog, tus neeg saib xyuas qib
Polyoxyethylene ether surfactants feem ntau siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev rau xim, cationic surfactants yuav tsum siv rau cationic dyes, thiab anionic surfactants yuav tsum tau siv rau cov kua qaub.
2.7 Matting tus neeg sawv cev
Piv nrog cov fibers ntuj, cov nplaim hluavtaws saum npoo yog du heev thiab qhov pom kev siab dhau, yog li titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, thiab lwm yam yuav tsum tau ntxiv los txhim kho nws.
2.8 Defoamer Cov
Siv los tshem ua npuas dej los ntawm surfactants hauv kev luam ntawv thiab zas txheej txheem. Yav dhau los, tributyl phosphate, octanol, thiab lwm yam tau siv feem ntau, tab sis tam sim no lawv tau siv tag nrho cov pob zeb organic sib txuas.
2.9 Luam tshuaj txhuam thiab ua kom tuab
Yav dhau los, ntuj tau siv cov slurries, tab sis tam sim no lawv tau nyiam siv cov khoom siv hluavtaws lossis hluavtaws, xws li hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether, sodium alginate, etherified locust taum hmoov, cellulose esters, polyvinyl cawv, thiab polyacrylates. Cov hluavtaws hluavtaws muaj qhov sib xws siab thiab tsawg npaum li cas, uas tuaj yeem ua cov xim luam ntawv sib sib zog nqus. Cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov tuab yog macromolecular polyethylene glycol bisether lossis diester, lossis polyacrylate copolymerized nrog acrylate.
2.10 Adhesives rau luam ntawv thiab zas xim
Ntau yam khoom siv hluavtaws xws li copolymers ntawm butadiene, styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, yas chloride thiab acrylic esters tuaj yeem siv tau. Nws yuav tsum tau muaj cov nplaum zoo, uas yog, nrawm nrawm rau txhuam thiab txhuam, txhais tes muag muag, thiab tsis yooj yim rau daj hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Tam sim no, cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo lub hom phiaj yog polyacrylate copolymers nrog cov pab pawg sib txuas tus kheej thiab polyurethanes.
03
Tus neeg saib xyuas kev tu tsev tom qab luam ntawv thiab kho xim
Tom qab luam ntawv thiab zas txheej txheem tiav, cov ntaub feem ntau yog ntxuav kom tshem cov xim ntab los txhim kho xim nrawm. Tus neeg saib xyuas kev tu hluavtaws siv sib txawv nrog cov zas xim thiab txheej txheem luam ntawv thiab zas xim. Piv txwv li, tom qab cov tshuaj pleev xim rau cov ntaub polyester-paj rwb, cov xim ntab rau ntawm polyester yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, Thiab txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov paj rwb fiber los ntawm kev ua qias neeg, yuav tsum siv cov xab npum tshwj xeeb uas tsis yog-ionic.
3.1 Tus neeg sawv cev ua tiav
Cov tshuaj siv los txhim kho qhov tsos, hnov zoo, txo cov ntaub ntawm cov ntaub, ruaj ntseg zoo, nthuav lub neej, tsis muaj dej, tsis muaj hluav taws, tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab lwm yam. cov hydroxyl pab pawg ntawm cellulose kom ua tiav ntev-tiv thaiv wrinkle thiab tsis-ironing nyhuv. Thaum sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj mos mos tsim nyog, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev xav ntawm cov ntaub.
Feem ntau siv cov resins suav nrog urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, dimethylol ethylene urea resin, dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea resin thiab bishydroxyethyl sulfone. Ntawm lawv, dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea resin yog siv ntau tshaj plaws, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm glyoxal, urea thiab formaldehyde. Penetrants, catalysts (feem ntau siv ntsev hlau, ammonium ntsev lossis ntsev amine organic) thiab xav tias hloov kho yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov tshuaj ua kom tiav cov kua ua haujlwm. Qhov kawg yog feem ntau yog muag muag. Tus neeg tsim kho tshiab ua tiav cov tshuaj ua kom tiav, polyurethane, muaj tus nqi siab me ntsis, tab sis muaj qhov ua tau zoo, tsis muaj formaldehyde seem, thiab tsis ua rau tawv nqaij.
3.2 Softener
Nws yog tsuas yog cationic ntev-saw roj-raws tus neeg sawv cev ua tiav. Vim tias tus neeg sawv cev ua tiav cationic muaj kev sib raug zoo rau cov fibers, qhov ntau npaum li cas tuaj yeem txo qis, thiab nws cov nplaum tau ruaj khov, uas tuaj yeem ua rau pom qhov muag ntev dua. Nws qhov muag thiab lubricating ua tau zoo feem ntau yog los ntawm nws cov saw ntev-raws li tus neeg sawv cev ua tiav. . Ntxiv emulsified ntxhia roj thiab siv quav ciab rau qhov muag muag no tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj roj nplua nyeem.
Qee cov softeners hnov mob nrog cov hydroxyl lossis amine pawg hauv cov fiber los txhim kho kev ntxuav cov tshuaj fiber thiab muaj qhov ua kom ntev ntev. Tsis ntev los no, silicone roj dispersion softeners tau tshwm sim, thiab lawv cov khoom ionic sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov emulsifier siv. Tom qab kho, cov ntaub muaj qhov tshwj xeeb mos thiab xis nyob, uas haum rau kev siv tshuab xaws nrawm. Yog tias ntxiv cov ntoo sib txuas sib txuas sib txuas ua ke silicon, nws tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ywj pheej ntawm cov ntaub.
3.3 Tus neeg saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv dej
Txawm hais tias cov roj hmab muab lo txheej tsis muaj dej, nws muaj huab cua tsis zoo permeability thaum hnav. Cov dej nag tsis sib tov yog sib xyaw ntawm txhuas ntsev thiab paraffin, tab sis nws tsis ruaj khov. Cov saw ntev aliphatic hydrocarbon sib txuas uas ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub yog siv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tsis tau dej nrog ua pa.
Cov txheej txheej acrylate kuj tuaj yeem tsis muaj dej tom qab sib txuas sib txuas. Tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv dej tshiab tsim tshiab yog hydrogen-muaj silicone roj thiab nws cov khoom siv.
3.4 Cov nplaim hluav taws
Ib ntus suav nrog amine ntsev, sodium tungstate, borax, iav dej, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub paj rwb kho nrog diammonium hydrogen phosphate thiab urea tuaj yeem muaj qib kawm tau zoo. Cov teeb meem organic feem ntau yog cov sib txuas uas muaj bromine, phosphorus, nitrogen, thiab chlorine, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev kub nyhiab. Yog tias nws tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov fibers, nws tuaj yeem muaj qhov ua haujlwm ntev. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws kub rau cov paj rwb muaj cov qauv hauv qab no: tseem tsis muaj qhov ua tau zoo nplaim hluav taws kub nyhiab rau hluavtaws hluavtaws. Tris (2,3-bisbromopropyl) phosphate tau siv hauv polyester, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau nplaim hluav taws. Vim tias nws cov tshuaj lom, nws tau txwv nyob rau xyoo 1977. Tam sim no, tetrahydroxyphosphorus chloride compounds, sulfides lossis hydroxy compounds thiab resins tau siv, uas muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua. Kuj tseem muaj cov nplaim hluav taws ntxiv ua ntej kev sib tw ntawm cov hluavtaws hluavtaws, tabsis lawv muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm fiber thiab lub zog. Tam sim no, cov tshuaj sib txuas polybrominated tshiab tau tsim los ua cov nplaim hluav taws rau cov hluavtaws hluavtaws.
3.5 Antistatic tus neeg sawv cev, uas yog tus neeg sawv cev antistatic
Feem ntau siv rau cov hluavtaws hluavtaws, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hluav taws xob zoo li qub thiab ua rau cov ntaub yooj yim los ua kom tsis huv. Feem ntau suav nrog polyacrylic acid, polyethylene glycol esters thiab polymer amphoteric compounds.
3.6 Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pwm ntxiv
Cov paj rwb cov ntaub tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov kab mob me me, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj cov slurry thiab qhov kub thiab txias uas tsim nyog, lawv muaj feem ntau ua rau muaj kab mob. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob siv los suav nrog ntau yam ntsev tooj liab thiab cov organic phenol derivatives, xws li Copper pentachlorophenate, tooj liab naphthenate, tooj liab 8-hydroxyquinoline, dihydroxydichlorodiphenylmethane, salicylanilide, thiab lwm yam.
3.7 Anti-greasy agent
Feem ntau muaj ntau yam sib txuas ntawm cov organic fluorine, nws lub zog hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb yog qis, tsis muaj roj, thiab cov qauv zoo li cov kua nplaum ua ke nrog cov fibers.
3.8 Tus neeg saib xyuas txheej
Nws yog hom tshiab ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ua tiav, suav nrog polyacrylate, polyurethane, thiab lwm yam, uas muab cov ntaub rau ntau yam khoom ntxiv, xws li tsis muaj dej, nplaim hluav taws kub, tiv thaiv lub teeb, tiv taus, thiab ua cov ntaub uas pheej yig muaj cov khoom zoo li tawv.
3.9 Kev ua kom tiav cov tshuaj ntxiv
Kuj tseem muaj ntau qhov kev pabcuam ntxiv uas muab cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau cov fibers, xws li kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob deb deb thiab kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv ultraviolet emulsion, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tua kab mob ua kom tiav, ceramic hmoov deb-infrared xov tiav, cov tshuaj tsw qab ua tiav, thiab lwm yam .