Cov nram qab no luv luv qhia txog dyeing thiab luam ntawv cov khoom ntawm cov dyes rau cov paj rwb ntshiab.
1. Direct dyes
Direct dyes yog soluble hauv dej thiab tuaj yeem ncaj qha dyed ntawm paj rwb fibers hauv nruab nrab lossis tsis muaj zog alkaline daws. Ntxiv cov electrolytes nruab nrab xws li ntsev thaum lub sij hawm dyeing yuav ua rau kom cov impurities ntawm cov dyeing. Direct dyes muaj cov chromatograms tiav, txoj kev dyeing yooj yim thiab tus nqi pheej yig. Lawv ib zaug yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov paj rwb ntaub. Txawm li cas los xij, dyeing lev ntawm hom dyeing no tsis zoo txaus, thiab nws yuav tsum tau kho tom qab ua tiav.
2. Reactive Dyes
Reactive dyes xa mus rau cov dyes soluble uas muaj pawg reactive. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsim nyog, nws tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov cellulose fibers thiab cov protein fibers, txhim kho cov xim ceev ntawm cov khoom siv dyed rau kev ntxuav thiab soaping. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj muaj qhov zoo ntawm dyeing yooj yim thiab luam ntawv, xim ci, xim xim spectrum thiab pheej yig dua. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau reactive dyes muaj tus nqi qis thiab yooj yim hydrolyzed hauv alkaline daws, ua rau cov xim ntab. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev dyeing ua ntej thiab tom qab ntawd kho cov xim ntawm cov ntaub yog saws los txhim kho tus nqi ntawm cov dyeing. Rau kev luam ntawv, ib-theem lossis ob-theem luam ntawv yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li ntau hom dyes. Kuj tseem muaj qee cov xim tsis zoo nrog cov xim tsis zoo rau chlorine bleaching thiab xim ceev rau huab cua.
3. Vat dyes
Vat dyes yog insoluble hauv dej thiab tsis tuaj yeem dyed ncaj qha. Nws yuav tsum tau txo mus rau leuco nyob rau hauv lub zog alkaline txo cov tshuaj caustic soda thiab hydrosulfite, thiab paj rwb fiber yog dyed los ntawm leuco. Tom qab oxidation, nws yog rov qab rau insoluble dye thiab tsau rau fiber. Lub chromatogram ntawm vat dyes tiav, xim yog ci, thiab xim ceev rau hnub ci thiab soaping yog txhua yam zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tus nqi siab, qee cov xim daj thiab txiv kab ntxwv muaj cov nyhuv ntawm photosensitive brittleness, yog li lawv daim ntawv thov raug txwv. Thaum dyeing los yog luam ntawv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau kev kho tom qab siv xab npum kom tshem tawm cov xim ntab thiab txhim kho qhov ci.
4. Soluble Vat Dyes
Soluble vat dyes yog derivatives ntawm vat dyes, uas yog soluble nyob rau hauv dej. Tom qab dyed ntawm fibers, lawv yuav tsum tau oxidized nyob rau hauv ib tug acid tov rau hydrolyze thiab oxidize cov dyes thiab rov qab mus rau insoluble vat dyes rau dyeing ntawm fibers. Cov txheej txheem dyeing ntawm soluble vat dyes yog qhov yooj yim, lub dyeing yog ntau uniform, thiab dyeing ceev ceev yog siab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov xim no yog kim heev thiab feem ntau yog siv rau dyeing thiab luam ntawv teeb thiab nruab nrab-xim paj rwb ntaub.
5.
Sulfur dyes
Sulfur dyes yog insoluble hauv dej, tab sis tuaj yeem yaj hauv sodium sulfide tov thiab txo mus rau leuco. Tom qab leuco absorbed los ntawm paj rwb fibers, nws yog oxidized rau insoluble dyes thiab tsau rau paj rwb fibers. Sulfur dyes feem ntau yog siv rau dyeing ntawm cov xim tsaus nti ntawm paj rwb fibers. Lub degree ntawm kev ntxuav thiab tshav ntuj yog qhov zoo, txoj kev dyeing yog qhov yooj yim thiab tus nqi pheej yig, tab sis cov xim nrawm rau rubbing tsis zoo thiab cov xim tsis ci txaus. Qee cov dyes (xws li sulfur dub) yuav ua rau cov fibers nkig thaum lub sij hawm khaws cia ntawm cov ntaub, yog li yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj tiv thaiv brittle tom qab dyeing. Daj thiab txiv kab ntxwv sulfur dyes feem ntau muaj cov nyhuv photosensitive rau fibers.
6. Insoluble azo dyes
Insoluble azo dyes yog tsim los ntawm primer (chromophore) thiab tus tsim tawm (chromophore) nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ob dyes. Thaum dyeing, cov ntaub yog thawj primed nrog ib tug caustic soda tov ntawm chromophore, thiab ces tsim nrog ib tug diazonium tov ntawm ib tug chromophore. Cov chromophore ntawm cov ntaub thiab cov diazo compound ntawm chromophore yog ua ke los tsim cov azo dyes insoluble, uas yog tsau rau ntawm cov ntaub. superior. Txij li cov dej khov yuav tsum tau rau diazotization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm chromophore, insoluble azo dyes kuj hu ua dej khov dyes. Hom dye no muaj cov xim ci, xim zoo rau soaping, thiab xim zoo rau lub hnub ci, tab sis cov xim tsis zoo rau kev txhuam, thiab txawm tias qhov nrawm nrawm rau ntub dej.
7. Stabilize insoluble azo dyes
Stabilized insoluble azo dyes yog cov sib tov ntawm sodium chromate thiab ib ntus stabilized diazo tebchaw. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej, ob qho tib si tsis muaj kev sib txuas lus. Tom qab qee qhov kev kho mob tom qab luam ntawv, qhov chaw ruaj khov diazo ib ntus hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom siv diazo, uas yog ua ke nrog chromophore los ua ib qho tsis sib sib zog nqus azo dye. Cov dyes no feem ntau yog siv los luam cov qauv me me.