Lwm cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tawv mos tawv nqaij yog ntau yam ua rau tawv nqaij, roj ntxhia, silicone polymers, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants thiab non-ionic surfactants.
Cov ntsej muag tawv muag ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev xav, muag muag thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm cov khoom tawv. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tus neeg sawv cev rau kev npaj ntawm cov tawv mos, qib siab saum toj kawg nkaus tawv thiab cowhide ob-txheej zaj duab xis hloov tawv. Sij hawm dhau los, cov roj pleev cov tawv nqaij feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem ntxiv roj ntau dua los txhim kho qhov muag muag, tab sis tus nqi acid, iodine tus nqi, tus nqi saponification, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov roj yuav hloov tom qab lub sijhawm ntev nyob hauv tawv, thiab cov roj tsis sib khi. tseem yuav muaj qhov chaw nyob, yog li tam sim no Kev thov ntawm cov ntsej muag muag tau dhau los ua ntau dua. Nws txoj kev noj tshuaj yog qhov me me thiab nws cov nyhuv muag muag yog lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev. Nws muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo heev thaum siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm pickling, tanning, fatliquoring, dyeing, txhaws, thiab xov.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qee zaum cov ntaub muag muag yuav tsum muaj cov khoom ua dej, tshuaj pleev kom lub cev lossis roj pleev cov khoom, tiv thaiv zoo li qub, thiab cov khoom ua kom zoo nkauj. Cov ntsej muag mos yog cov saw ntev ntev alkyl organic sib xyaw nrog C12-18 (feem ntau C16-18) thiab luv-saw hydrophilic pawg. Qhov ntu uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsej muag muag yog tsuas yog cov pab pawg ntev-alkyl pawg. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm pawg hydrophilic yog kom yaj nws hauv qhov nruab nrab aqueous. Nws tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lub siab mos, tab sis nws muaj qhov ua haujlwm ntawm alkyl pawg qhia nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov fiber. Cov pab pawg ntev-alkyl pawg uas tuav qhov kawg ntawm cov roj molecule yog hu ua lipophilic lossis hydrophobic vim tias nws tseem khaws cov khoom ntawm roj. Cov pab pawg soluble thaum xaus ntawm pawg hydrophobic hu ua hydrophilic pawg, vim tias nws tseem tuaj yeem rub pawg hydrophobic rau hauv cov kua dej aqueous thaum ntsib nrog dej. Qhov tsim kom haum yuav tsum muaj qhov ncauj lus zoo tshaj plaws, thiab cov hydrophilicity siab yuav ua rau nws emulsify thiab tawg ntawm cov kua aqueous.
Feem ntau, cov pab pawg muaj roj ntau ntau xws li pentadecyl thiab heptadecyl tuaj yeem cuam tshuam smoothness thiab tag nrho rau cov tawv; ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, pawg tsis muaj rog xws li heptadecenyl tuaj yeem muab cov tawv tawv tawv thiab mos muag. Hloov tau yooj yim, sov txhais tes xis. Cov pab pawg hydrophilic uas tuaj yeem pab ua kom tawv nqaij muaj xws li sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfamic acid, ammonium, thiab polyoxyethylene pawg.